你知道自己被拍了吗？
浏览量：254 发布时间：2020-09-27
前天，2021年央视“3·15”晚会（国际消费者权益日）在央视财经频道播出。
今年晚会以“提振消费，从心开始”为主题，旨在让老百姓生活过得更加美满，改善消费环境。
此次“3·15”晚会曝光了人脸数据滥用、个人简历泄露、老年人手机里的安全陷阱、360搜索、UC浏览器虚假医疗广告、瘦肉精、“瘦身”钢筋、名表维修猫腻、福特翼搏变速箱生锈内幕、英菲尼迪QX60变速箱故障频发等九大问题。
前四个点名批评的现象，互联网行业成为被曝光重灾区，人脸识别安全隐患重新提上议程。
China marked World Consumer Rights Day with a special "3.15" gala show aired on its national broadcaster CCTV yesterday.
The Chinese unit of U.S. bathroom and kitchen hardware maker Kohler as well as auto brands Ford and Infiniti were featured for not protecting consumers' rights.
And four of the ten listed brands, including Kohler, sparked a heated discussion on the issue of facial recognition and privacy.
#人脸识别遭滥用
据央视3·15报道，监控摄像头在我们的生活中几乎已经无所不在，这些摄像头大都是以保障公共安全为目的，但是有些商家所安装的摄像头看似普通，却暗藏玄机。
有了人脸识别功能的摄像头，一旦顾客进入科勒卫浴门店，摄像头会自动记录人脸信息，并自动生成编号。顾客之后再去哪家门店，科勒卫浴都会知道。
科勒（中国）投资有限公司上海华东区零售销售主任表示：“比如B店会显示，顾客此前逛过A店，看了哪些产品，B店就有心理准备，知道如何去接待，如何去报价。”
2021年1月1日正式实施的《民法典》第一千零三十五条明确规定，处理个人信息，应征得该自然人或者其监护人同意。
但这些摄像头被设置在不起眼的地方，顾客走入店中，无从知晓自己被拍摄，何来征得同意呢？
In the CCTV2 program, Kohler's manager of the Shanghai chain store said the firm had cameras installed in all its China stores to scan the faces of customers.
Once a customer enters the Kohler's store, the camera will automatically record facial features, and the customers' consumer habits will then be logged, and shared to the next Kohler store he/she walks in.
Article 1035 of the Civil Code, which came into effect on January 1, 2021, clearly states that people should be notified their personal data will be collected before they are filmed.
But normally, customers walk into stores without even knowing they are being filmed, much less being asked for their permission.
#什么是人脸识别
THE human face is a remarkable piece of work. The astonishing variety of facial features helps people recognise each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies.
人类的脸是一件杰作。面部特征之纷繁各异令人惊叹，它让人们能相互辨认，也是形成复杂社会群体的关键。人脸传递情感信号的功能也同样重要，无论是通过下意识的脸红还是有技巧的假笑。
So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through an involuntary blush or the artifice of a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to dissimulate.
人们在清醒时花费大量时光研读一张张面孔—在办公室，在法庭，在酒吧，在卧室，寻找着兴趣、敌意、信任和欺骗的迹象。他们也花大把的时间试图掩饰自己的神色。
Start with privacy. One big difference between faces and other biometric data, such as fingerprints, is that they work at a distance. Anyone with a phone can take a picture for facial-recognition programs to use.
先说隐私。人脸相比指纹等其他生物特征数据的一个巨大区别就是它们能够远距离起作用。人们只要有手机就可以拍下照片，供人脸识别程序使用。
FindFace, an app in Russia, compares snaps of strangers with pictures on VKontakte, a social network, and can identify people with a 70% accuracy rate. Facebook’s bank of facial images cannot be scraped by others, but the Silicon Valley giant could obtain pictures of visitors to a car showroom, say, and later use facial recognition to serve them ads for cars.
俄罗斯的一款应用FindFace抓拍陌生人的照片与社交网络VKontakte上的照片比对，识别人的准确率达70%。Facebook的面部图片库不能被其他人提取，但是，举个例子，这家硅谷巨头可以获得汽车展厅内到访者的照片，然后使用人脸识别技术在自己的网站上找到这些人，向他们发送汽车广告。
Even if private firms are unable to join the dots between images and identity, the state often can. China’s government keeps a record of its citizens’ faces; photographs of half of America’s adult population are stored in databases that can be used by the FBI.
即使私人公司无法将照片和身份联系起来，国家往往可以做到。中国政府有公民的面部记录；美国半数成年人口的照片储存在数据库中，可供FBI使用。
Law-enforcement agencies now have a powerful weapon in their ability to track criminals, but at enormous potential cost to citizens’ privacy.
如今，执法机关在追踪罪犯方面拥有了一个强大的武器，但它可能会令公民隐私遭受巨大的损害。
#个人隐私是争议核心
人脸识别技术目前已被广泛应用于日常生活的各个方面，乘车扫码，进出商场，刷脸点单......
消费记录可以通过大数据分析，被购物App获得，分析出消费者的行为习惯。
出行住宿被旅行App掌握，行车路线也被打车平台记录。
在互联网大数据面前，黑市上甚至可以公开下载交易这些数据，更让人后怕的是，一些手机App从一开始的信息采集就是过度的。
对于人脸识别安全的争议核心点是个人隐私问题，被忽视的往往是公众的知情权与个人隐私权。
据央视网报道，在实地调查中，近半数受访者表示自己在人脸数据被采集时并未签署、知晓相关隐私政策和用户协议。
超过四成以上的受访者表示，并不清楚自己的人脸数据是如何被存储的。有83.37%的受访者希望运营者提供查看或删除人脸数据的渠道。
图片
Facial recognition technology is widely used in daily life– from getting on to cabs and shopping malls, to ordering dishes in a restaurant.
Consumption records can be obtained by e-commerce apps through big data analysis to analyze consumers' habits.
The core of the controversy on facial recognition is that it does not ask consumers for permission and illegally shares their information.
According to CCTV news, more than 40 percent of interviewees said they had no idea how their data are being used and 83 percent want operators to give them a way of accessing and deleting their data.
What's your opinion of facial recognition privacy?
#天津立法禁止人脸识别
天津市人大常委会于近日表决通过了《天津市社会信用条例》（以下简称《条例》）。该《条例》将自2021年1月1日起实施，这也是全国首个公开禁止采集人脸识别信息的法规。
北京一位居民在小区入口进行人脸识别。（图片来源：中国日报）
North China's Tianjin municipality will prohibit businesses and institutes from collecting personal bioinformation starting next year, amid heightened public concerns over the uncontrolled use of facial recognition, now employed in mobile payment, test-taking, and even public restrooms.
华北地区的天津市将从明年起禁止企业事业单位等收集个人生物信息。人脸识别如今已被广泛应用于移动支付、考试甚至公共卫生间等场所，这种无序使用状况引发公众担忧。
单词讲解
这里的municipality指我国行政区划中的“直辖市”，完整的表述为 centrally administered municipality（中央直接管辖的城市），直辖市与省（provinces）、自治区（autonomous regions）相当，省、自治区内的其他城市我们多用city表示。
个人生物信息（personal bioinformation）通常包括指纹（fingerprints）、掌纹（palm prints）、虹膜（irises）、面部特征（facial patterns）、声音模式（voice patterns）以及DNA等信息。
《条例》规定：
Market credit information providers will be banned from collecting information needed for biorecognition and other personal data, including religion, blood type, and medical history.
市场信用信息提供单位不得采集自然人的生物识别信息以及宗教信仰、血型、疾病和病史等其他个人信息。
Personal income, savings, and tax records are also protected from information harvesting unless the collectors informed the clients of possible consequence and sought their written permission.
市场信用信息提供单位不得采集自然人的收入、存款、纳税数额等信息，但是明确告知提供该信息可能产生的不利后果并取得其书面同意的除外。
2020年8月13日，西安某小区启用刷脸门禁
单词讲解
这里说到信息“采集”的时候用到了collect和harvest这两个词，collect本身就表示“收集、采集”等意思，而harvest除了可以替换collect表示相同的意思之外，它更常见的意思是“收割（庄稼、农作物）”，动词、名词都可以，比如：
We've been harvesting corn this week.
我们这周都在收玉米。
bountiful harvests
丰收；
由此还可以引申出“收获（奖项、业绩等）”，比如：
The team harvested several awards.
团队获得了好几个奖。
It will target credit service agents, industry associations, as well as enterprises, and public institutes.
该《条例》适用于信用服务机构、行业协会以及企业事业单位。
今年晚会以“提振消费，从心开始”为主题，旨在让老百姓生活过得更加美满，改善消费环境。
此次“3·15”晚会曝光了人脸数据滥用、个人简历泄露、老年人手机里的安全陷阱、360搜索、UC浏览器虚假医疗广告、瘦肉精、“瘦身”钢筋、名表维修猫腻、福特翼搏变速箱生锈内幕、英菲尼迪QX60变速箱故障频发等九大问题。
前四个点名批评的现象，互联网行业成为被曝光重灾区，人脸识别安全隐患重新提上议程。
China marked World Consumer Rights Day with a special "3.15" gala show aired on its national broadcaster CCTV yesterday.
The Chinese unit of U.S. bathroom and kitchen hardware maker Kohler as well as auto brands Ford and Infiniti were featured for not protecting consumers' rights.
And four of the ten listed brands, including Kohler, sparked a heated discussion on the issue of facial recognition and privacy.
#人脸识别遭滥用
据央视3·15报道，监控摄像头在我们的生活中几乎已经无所不在，这些摄像头大都是以保障公共安全为目的，但是有些商家所安装的摄像头看似普通，却暗藏玄机。
有了人脸识别功能的摄像头，一旦顾客进入科勒卫浴门店，摄像头会自动记录人脸信息，并自动生成编号。顾客之后再去哪家门店，科勒卫浴都会知道。
科勒（中国）投资有限公司上海华东区零售销售主任表示：“比如B店会显示，顾客此前逛过A店，看了哪些产品，B店就有心理准备，知道如何去接待，如何去报价。”
2021年1月1日正式实施的《民法典》第一千零三十五条明确规定，处理个人信息，应征得该自然人或者其监护人同意。
但这些摄像头被设置在不起眼的地方，顾客走入店中，无从知晓自己被拍摄，何来征得同意呢？
In the CCTV2 program, Kohler's manager of the Shanghai chain store said the firm had cameras installed in all its China stores to scan the faces of customers.
Once a customer enters the Kohler's store, the camera will automatically record facial features, and the customers' consumer habits will then be logged, and shared to the next Kohler store he/she walks in.
Article 1035 of the Civil Code, which came into effect on January 1, 2021, clearly states that people should be notified their personal data will be collected before they are filmed.
But normally, customers walk into stores without even knowing they are being filmed, much less being asked for their permission.
#什么是人脸识别
THE human face is a remarkable piece of work. The astonishing variety of facial features helps people recognise each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies.
人类的脸是一件杰作。面部特征之纷繁各异令人惊叹，它让人们能相互辨认，也是形成复杂社会群体的关键。人脸传递情感信号的功能也同样重要，无论是通过下意识的脸红还是有技巧的假笑。
So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through an involuntary blush or the artifice of a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to dissimulate.
人们在清醒时花费大量时光研读一张张面孔—在办公室，在法庭，在酒吧，在卧室，寻找着兴趣、敌意、信任和欺骗的迹象。他们也花大把的时间试图掩饰自己的神色。
Start with privacy. One big difference between faces and other biometric data, such as fingerprints, is that they work at a distance. Anyone with a phone can take a picture for facial-recognition programs to use.
先说隐私。人脸相比指纹等其他生物特征数据的一个巨大区别就是它们能够远距离起作用。人们只要有手机就可以拍下照片，供人脸识别程序使用。
FindFace, an app in Russia, compares snaps of strangers with pictures on VKontakte, a social network, and can identify people with a 70% accuracy rate. Facebook’s bank of facial images cannot be scraped by others, but the Silicon Valley giant could obtain pictures of visitors to a car showroom, say, and later use facial recognition to serve them ads for cars.
俄罗斯的一款应用FindFace抓拍陌生人的照片与社交网络VKontakte上的照片比对，识别人的准确率达70%。Facebook的面部图片库不能被其他人提取，但是，举个例子，这家硅谷巨头可以获得汽车展厅内到访者的照片，然后使用人脸识别技术在自己的网站上找到这些人，向他们发送汽车广告。
Even if private firms are unable to join the dots between images and identity, the state often can. China’s government keeps a record of its citizens’ faces; photographs of half of America’s adult population are stored in databases that can be used by the FBI.
即使私人公司无法将照片和身份联系起来，国家往往可以做到。中国政府有公民的面部记录；美国半数成年人口的照片储存在数据库中，可供FBI使用。
Law-enforcement agencies now have a powerful weapon in their ability to track criminals, but at enormous potential cost to citizens’ privacy.
如今，执法机关在追踪罪犯方面拥有了一个强大的武器，但它可能会令公民隐私遭受巨大的损害。
#个人隐私是争议核心
人脸识别技术目前已被广泛应用于日常生活的各个方面，乘车扫码，进出商场，刷脸点单......
消费记录可以通过大数据分析，被购物App获得，分析出消费者的行为习惯。
出行住宿被旅行App掌握，行车路线也被打车平台记录。
在互联网大数据面前，黑市上甚至可以公开下载交易这些数据，更让人后怕的是，一些手机App从一开始的信息采集就是过度的。
对于人脸识别安全的争议核心点是个人隐私问题，被忽视的往往是公众的知情权与个人隐私权。
据央视网报道，在实地调查中，近半数受访者表示自己在人脸数据被采集时并未签署、知晓相关隐私政策和用户协议。
超过四成以上的受访者表示，并不清楚自己的人脸数据是如何被存储的。有83.37%的受访者希望运营者提供查看或删除人脸数据的渠道。
图片
Facial recognition technology is widely used in daily life– from getting on to cabs and shopping malls, to ordering dishes in a restaurant.
Consumption records can be obtained by e-commerce apps through big data analysis to analyze consumers' habits.
The core of the controversy on facial recognition is that it does not ask consumers for permission and illegally shares their information.
According to CCTV news, more than 40 percent of interviewees said they had no idea how their data are being used and 83 percent want operators to give them a way of accessing and deleting their data.
What's your opinion of facial recognition privacy?
#天津立法禁止人脸识别
天津市人大常委会于近日表决通过了《天津市社会信用条例》（以下简称《条例》）。该《条例》将自2021年1月1日起实施，这也是全国首个公开禁止采集人脸识别信息的法规。
北京一位居民在小区入口进行人脸识别。（图片来源：中国日报）
North China's Tianjin municipality will prohibit businesses and institutes from collecting personal bioinformation starting next year, amid heightened public concerns over the uncontrolled use of facial recognition, now employed in mobile payment, test-taking, and even public restrooms.
华北地区的天津市将从明年起禁止企业事业单位等收集个人生物信息。人脸识别如今已被广泛应用于移动支付、考试甚至公共卫生间等场所，这种无序使用状况引发公众担忧。
单词讲解
这里的municipality指我国行政区划中的“直辖市”，完整的表述为 centrally administered municipality（中央直接管辖的城市），直辖市与省（provinces）、自治区（autonomous regions）相当，省、自治区内的其他城市我们多用city表示。
个人生物信息（personal bioinformation）通常包括指纹（fingerprints）、掌纹（palm prints）、虹膜（irises）、面部特征（facial patterns）、声音模式（voice patterns）以及DNA等信息。
《条例》规定：
Market credit information providers will be banned from collecting information needed for biorecognition and other personal data, including religion, blood type, and medical history.
市场信用信息提供单位不得采集自然人的生物识别信息以及宗教信仰、血型、疾病和病史等其他个人信息。
Personal income, savings, and tax records are also protected from information harvesting unless the collectors informed the clients of possible consequence and sought their written permission.
市场信用信息提供单位不得采集自然人的收入、存款、纳税数额等信息，但是明确告知提供该信息可能产生的不利后果并取得其书面同意的除外。
2020年8月13日，西安某小区启用刷脸门禁
单词讲解
这里说到信息“采集”的时候用到了collect和harvest这两个词，collect本身就表示“收集、采集”等意思，而harvest除了可以替换collect表示相同的意思之外，它更常见的意思是“收割（庄稼、农作物）”，动词、名词都可以，比如：
We've been harvesting corn this week.
我们这周都在收玉米。
bountiful harvests
丰收；
由此还可以引申出“收获（奖项、业绩等）”，比如：
The team harvested several awards.
团队获得了好几个奖。
It will target credit service agents, industry associations, as well as enterprises, and public institutes.
该《条例》适用于信用服务机构、行业协会以及企业事业单位。
