creak 英 式和美 式TEM8

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The global framework for taxing international companies, based largely on thousands of bilateral treaties, has been creaking for decades.
对国际性企业征税的全球框架大体上基于成千上万条双边协定,几十年来一直摇摇欲坠。
——《经济学人》
Few dispute that Britain’s creaking rail network needs an update.
少数人辩称,英国老旧的铁路系统需要升级。
——《纽约时报》

基本释义

[verb] (of an object or structure, typically a wooden one) make a harsh, high-pitched sound when being moved or when pressure or weight is applied
[动词] (指物体或结构,通常是木制的)在被移动或施加压力或重量时发出刺耳的高音


深入解读

Creak 一词在小站之前推送的 拍哒、扑通等声音如何用英语地道表达? 一文中就有出现,今天再来专门讲讲。该词最早出现于14世纪初,拟声而来原指“发出刺耳的叫声”,到了16世纪80年代开始发展出现在的基本含义“嘎吱作响”,主要表示打开木门、踩上木地板、转动生锈的金属合页等时发出嘎吱声响,比如:

门打开时合页处嘎吱作响。为什么不在门底下塞一个楔子让门敞开着呢?
The door creaks on its hinges. Why not push a wedge under the door to keep it open?
门口站着一个鬼鬼祟祟的人,屋里的亮光映衬出他的轮廓。他蹑手蹑脚走近时我听见地板嘎吱嘎吱地响。
A furtive figure stood in the doorway, silhouetted against the light. I heard the floorboards creak as he crept closer.

一旦家具、设备等开始发出嘎吱的异响声,轻则加点润滑油,重则需要修理或者更换零件,否则就会一直处于非正常的工作状态。而这也可以用 creak 引申指“发着嘎吱嘎吱声缓慢行进”或“费力勉强地运转”,比如:

这个故事情节发展缓慢,结局平淡无奇。
The story creaks along to a banal conclusion.

而习语 creak under the strain 则更进一步,侧重表示“因负担过重而效率低下”或“由于压力过大而运转不灵”,比如:

在人口增长的压力下,为病人和穷人建立的保障措施开始运转不灵。
The safety net for the sick and destitute, were starting to creak under the strain of population increase.

值得注意的是, creak 与 creek (小湾、小溪)不仅形似而且发音相同,在听说读写时要注意区别。

名著用例
Harry heard a door creak open, and then someone speaking in a hoarse whisper.
哈利听见一扇门吱呀一声开了,然后有人用沙哑的嗓音低声说话。
出自英国作家J.K.罗琳创作的长篇小说《哈利·波特与密室》(Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets)。该小说是《哈利·波特》系列的第二部。

同近义词

squeak: make a high-pitched sound or cry
groan: (of a thing) make a low creaking or moaning sound when pressure or weight is applied
grate: make an unpleasant rasping sound
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